Health-Related Quality of Life (QoL) Assessment Comparison Chart

This document compares selected reference health-related quality of life instruments.

Instrument's name	Euroqol EQ-5D (EQ-5D)	WHO (Five) Well-Being Index (WHO-5)	World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment instrument (WHOQOL-BREF)	Nottingham Health Profile (NHP)	SF-36® Health Survey and SF-36v2TM Health Survey (SF-36® / SF-36v2TM)	SF-12® Health Survey and SF-12v2TM Health Survey (SF-12® / SF-12v2TM)	Health Utility Index (HUI)
Author(s)	The EuroQol Group	P. Bech	The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) group	S. M. Hunt, J. McEwen, and S. P. McKenna	C. D. Sherbourne and J. E. Ware	J. E Ware	D. Feeny, W. Furlong and G. W. Torrance
Main Topic	Quality of life Health Status	Quality of life	Quality of life	Health status	Health status	Health status	Physical functioning Health-Related Quality of Life Utility
Objectives	To provide a simple, generic measure of health for clinical and economic appraisal.	To measure positive psychological well-being.	To assess the individuals' perceptions on the quality of their life.	To measure distress in physical, social and emotional domains	To measure generic health concepts relevant across age, disease, and treatment groups	To measure health status and outcomes in large population survey.	To measure health status, health-related quality of life, and produce utility scores.
Domains/categories covered	Mobility Self-care Usual activities Pain/ Discomfort Anxiety/Depression	Psychological well-being	Physical Capacity (Pain, Energy, Sleep, mobility, etc.) Psychological (Positive feelings, Thinking, Self-esteem, etc.) Social Relationships (Relationships, Support, Sexual activity) Environment (Safety, Home, Finance, Leisure, Pollution, Transport, etc.)	Pain Physical mobility Sleep Emotional reactions Energy Social isolation	General health Physical functioning Role physical Bodily pain Vitality Social functioning Mental health Role emotional Reported health transition	General health Physical functioning Role physical Bodily pain Vitality Social functioning Mental health Role emotional	Sensation Mobility Emotion Cognitive Self-Care Pain Fertility Vision Hearing Speech Ambulation Dexterity Cognition
Population Targeted	Adult	Adult	Adult	Adult (16+ years)	Adolescent, Adult (14+ years)	Adolescent, Adult (14+ years)	All population
Time recall	Current day	Over the last 2 weeks	During the Last 2 weeks	Current day	During the Last 4 weeks (standard version) During the past week (Acute version)	During the last 4 weeks (standard version) During the past week (Acute version)	During the past 1,2, 4 weeks or in general
Number of items	5 Questions and 1 Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)	5 Questions	26 Questions	38 Questions	36 Questions	12 Questions	Self-administered format: 15 Questions Interviewer-administered format: 40 Questions
Time to complete	8 min	2 min	5-20 min	5-10min	5-10 min	2-3 min	Self-administered format: 3 min Interviewer-administered format: 10 min
Administration mode	Self-administered Proxy-administered Telephone-administered	Self-administered	Self-administered Interviewer-administered	Self-administered	Self-administered Interviewer-administered Telephone-administered Computer-administered	Self-administered Interviewer-administered Telephone-administered Computer-administered	Self-administered Interviewer-administered Proxy-administered Paper-administered Computer-administered Web-system-administered
Language (available translations)	About 83 languages	About 26 languages	About 8 languages	About 23 languages	About 96 languages	About 74 languages	About 25 languages
Copyright	© The Euroqol Group	© Psychiatric Research Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre, Frederiksborg General Hospital	© The World Health Organisation	© Galen Research	© The Medical Outcomes Trust (MOT), Health Assessment Lab (HAL) and QualityMetric Incorporated.	© The Medical Outcomes Trust (MOT), Health Assessment Lab (HAL) and QualityMetric Incorporated.	© Health Utilities Inc., Dundas ON Canada
Conditions of use	Licensing fees are determined by the EuroQol Executive	Free access	a. With the signature of a contract/ agreement b. In order to obtain permission for use of the various language versions it is necessary to contact the collaborating sites directly.	With a written permission from Galen Research	Fill in the license application form on the QualityMetric website	Fill in the license application form on the QualityMetric website	a. Free access b. With fees for additionnal intrumentations that are proprietary.
References	- EuroQol Group. EuroQol-A new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. Health Policy. 1990; 16: 199-208. - Brazier JE, Jones N, Kind P. Testing the validity of the EuroQol and comparing it with the SF-36 health survey questionnaire. Quality of Life Research. 1993; 2:169-180.	http://www.who-5.org	- Murphy B, Herrman H, Hawthorne G, Pinzone T, Evert H (2000). Australian WHOQoL instruments: User's manual and interpretation guide. Australian WHOQoL Field Study Centre, Melbourne, Australia. - The WHOQOL Group. (1998) Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. Psychol Med 28(3):551-8. - The WHOQOL Group. (1993) Study protocol for the World Health Organization project to develop a Quality of Life assessment instrument (WHOQOL). Qual Life Res. Apr;2(2):153-9	- Hunt, SM, McEwen, J et McKenna, SP (1981) The Nottingham Health Profile User's Manual. - Hunt, SM, McEwen, J, Williams, J and Papp, E (1981) The NHP : Subjective health status and medical consultations. Social Science and Medicine, 15A, 221-229. - Hunt S, McEwen J, McKenna S (1986) Measuring Health Status. Croom Helm. ISBN 0-7099-3584-6	- Ware, J. E., Jr., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1992). The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Medical Care, 30(6), 473-483. [PMID: 1593914] - McHorney, C. A., Ware, J. E., Jr., & Raczek, A. E. (1993). The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): II. Psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs. Medical Care, 31(3), 247-263. [PMID: 8450681]	- Ware J Jr, Kosinski M, Keller SD. A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care 1996; 34:220-33. PMID: 8628042	http://fhs.mcmaster.ca/hug
Additional Comments	There are also a version for children from 8-11 year-old (ED-5D-Y).		It is a short version of WHOQOL-100			It is an alternative of SF-36®.	There are 3 versions available. An integrated, computerized, web-based system of administering and scoring HUI questionnaires is available.